T.R. Mahalingam (November 6, 1926—May 31, 1986), affectionately known as Mali, was a flautist who revolutionized the style of flute-playing in carnatic music. T.R. Mahalingam was born in Tiruvidaimarudur, Tanjavur district, Tamil Nadu, to Ramaswami Iyer and Brahadambal. His parents named him after Mahalingaswami, the deity of the nearby Hindu temple. He had an elder sibling Devaki and started learning to sing from his maternal uncle, Jalra Gopala Ayyar, who ran a famous music school.

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