Aside from Fairport Convention, Steeleye Span was the most successful and enduring british band. The parallels between the bands are numerous: both updated traditional folk material with rock arrangements, both featured an excellent female lead singer (Sandy Denny for Fairport Convention, Maddy Prior for Steeleye Span), both frequently employed multi-part harmonies, and both mixed original and traditional songs. Although Fairport Convention was more innovative in its early days, Steeleye Span was arguably the more interesting band after 1970, when personnel changes had gutted the original Fairport Convention lineup. Steeleye Span, too, would undergo numerous personnel changes even at their peak. Prior was the constant factor that gave the group something of a recognizable identity at all phases of their journey.

One thing that differentiated Steeleye Span from their counterparts was that Fairport Convention came to folk from a rock background, whereas Steeleye traveled in the opposite direction. The original lineup, formed around the beginning of 1970, included guitarist Terry Wood, who had been in a irish folk group called Sweeney's Men (with Andy Irvine). The supple-voiced Prior had been in a folk duo with guitarist Tim Hart. The impetus for Steeleye Span's formation, ironically, came from ex-Fairport Convention bassist Ashley Hutchings. Hutchings wanted to keep pursuing the folk direction ploughed by Fairport Convention on the 1969 album Liege And Lief, and left Fairport Convention to joined forces with Prior, Hart, Terry Woods, and Gay Woods (Terry's wife) to anchor the first incarnation of Steeleye Span.

This lineup only lasted for one album, with the Woods leaving for Dr. Strangely Strange; Terry Woods would eventually resurface with The Pogues in the 1980s. He was replaced by Martin Carthy, one of the most respected guitarists on the folk circuit. Carthy's abdication of folk for electric (if drum-less) folk rock apparently caused much consternation within the purist folk community, a kerfuffle that is hard to understand (at least from an American perspective), given that Dylan had already successfully fought that battle in the mid-'60s. While Steeleye Span played folk music, they had no aversion to playing it loud, and this version of the band proved that it was possible to create an energetic ruckus without a drummer.

Both Hutchings and Carthy, by far the most famous members of the group, left around the end of 1971. This sort of defection would have crippled most acts. Yet Steeleye Span not only persevered, but entered their most commercially successful phase. Tim Hart was once quoted as saying that the group wanted to "put traditional music back into current musical language -- to make folk music less esoteric." They were aided in doing so by new bassist Rick Kemp, who became Maddy Prior's husband. In 1973, they finally added drums to the band, becoming a true folk rock act after years of ramping up.

One asset to Steeleye Span's unusual durability (in the face of the revolving door of players) was their open-minded approach to contemporary influences. They covered oldies (and well) by Buddy Holly, The Four Seasons, and Phil Spector. David Bowie and Peter Sellers made cameo appearances on their albums in the mid-'70s. They occasionally acted in plays (in which they also musically performed as a group). They covered Bertolt Brecht-Kurt Weill songs. Some of their work was produced by Mike Batt, whose primary previous credentials was as the mastermind of The Wombles, a British kiddie rock group.

Steeleye Span finally had a British chart hit in 1974 with the christmas song "Gaudette." In 1975, they had a huge (by folk rock standards) smash with "All Around My Hat," which reached the U.K. Top Five. In the United States, they (like Fairport Convention) were consigned to cult status. They picked up some airplay on open-minded FM stations, but got their widest Stateside exposure as an opening act during a Jethro Tull tour. The onslaught of punk and new wave weakened any prospects for continued chart success at home. In 1977, they took on more traditional elements with the return of Martin Carthy, and the addition of John Kirkpatrick on accordion, but they finally split the following year.

Not for good, however. In a final parallel with Fairport Convention, they decided to periodically reunite while pursuing their own projects. Other studio albums appeared, and the group sometimes performed at festivals or even toured, though with enough irregularity to make it confusing to determine whether they were "together" again. A devoted following makes it possible for them to be received warmly by cult audiences whenever the mood suits them to play live again. Carthy has enjoyed the most notable solo career of the Steeleye Span alumni, continuing to command great respect among folk listeners. Maddy Prior's most notable outside endeavor has been her duo recordings with fellow folk singer June Tabor. Tim Hart released a handful of notable solo outings as well, before retiring to La Gomera, in the Canary Islands, where he passed away after a long battle with cancer in 2009. ~ Richie Unterberger, Rovi