An enduring figure on the edgy frontiers of the British music scene, Mark Stewart first came to prominence as a member of the punk/dub noisemaking squad The Pop Group, and has been storming musical boundaries and making powerful, confrontational music ever since. STEWART was born and raised in Bristol, England and attended Bristol Grammar School; one of his school friends was Nick Sheppard, who later went on to join The Cortinas and the Cut The Crap-era The Clash. Emboldened by punk but not impressed with its stylistic hegemony, STEWART and his friends were eager to start a funk band, and in 1978 he teamed up with guitarists John Waddington and Gareth Sager, bassist Simon Underwood, and drummer Bruce Smith to form The Pop Group. Between their limited musical experience and STEWART's strident vocal style and accusatory political lyrics, The Pop Group's music took a considerable left turn from their original blueprint, bolting slashing guitar noise and fractured melodies to primitive funk and dub rhythms, and though their commercial success was limited, the band's influence would prove to be massive over time. In 1980, The Pop Group split up, and STEWART, Bruce Smith, and WADDINGTON appeared on the first album by New Age Steppers, whose music was a prescient fusion of dub and post-punk experimentalism. It was STEWART's first work with producer Adrian Sherwood of On-U Sound, who would prove to be a valuable ally and frequent collaborator. STEWART released his first solo effort in 1983, Learning to Cope With Cowardice; credited to Mark Stewart, the album was produced by Sherwood and featured many of the same revolving team of musicians who had appeared on the New Age Steppers recordings. For the next album by Stewart + Maffia, As the Veneer of Democracy Starts to Fade, STEWART and Sherwood joined forces with guitarist Skip McDonald, bassist Doug Wimbish, and drummer Keith LeBlanc, who had been the core of the The Sugarhill Gang house band before teaming up with Sherwood to form Tackhead. This lineup of Maffia recorded STEWART's next two efforts, Learning to Cope With Cowardice and Metatron, and reunited for STEWART's 1996 album Controlled Mistake. Through much of the 1990s and 2000s, STEWART devoted much of his energy to producing and collaborating with other artists, including Tricky, Massive Attack, Trent Reznor, and Adult., and he immersed himself in the electronic music community, where his fondness for tossing different musical ideas at one another found a home. In 2005, STEWART released Kiss the Future, a career-spanning anthology of his many musical projects, and he completed a long-awaited new album in 2008, The Back Room. A documentary about STEWART and his career, Futatsu no Kodou to Akai Tsumi:, played at a number of international film festivals in 2009. In 2010, STEWART announced that he was re-forming The Pop Group with original members Gareth Sager and Bruce Smith for a series of reunion shows, and that the band would begin work on a new album. STEWART found time to release a new solo project in 2012, "The Politics of Envy", featuring guest appearances from Lee "Scratch" Perry, Richard Hell and the Voidoids, Keith Levene, and members of Primal Scream and The Raincoats. ~ Mark Deming, Rovi